What is the meniscus?
The menisci are two C-shaped cushions between the thigh bone and the shin bone that spread load and protect the cartilage. Losing meniscus can increase the risk of knee arthritis, which is why modern practice is built on preserving the meniscus whenever possible.
How does it tear?
- Traumatic tears in young people and athletes, from twisting the knee
- Degenerative tears with age, as the tissue wears
- Root tears where the meniscus attaches to bone — important because they can largely disable the meniscus
Symptoms
Pain along the joint line, swelling, pain on squatting or turning; some tears cause catching or locking.
Diagnosis
Examination findings are assessed with MRI. Not every tear seen on MRI is the cause of symptoms; the decision combines examination and imaging.
Treatment
Non-surgical
Especially for degenerative tears, physiotherapy and strengthening are often the first option.
Arthroscopic repair
Repairable tears are stitched through keyhole surgery to preserve the meniscus. Root tears are reattached to their place on the bone. Prof. Gürsoy has published a meta-analysis on the efficacy of medial meniscus posterior root repair and studies on tunnel placement for root repair.
Partial removal
For tears that cannot be repaired, only the damaged part is removed and healthy meniscus is preserved.
Recovery
After repair, weight-bearing and knee bending are limited for a period so the stitches can heal; recovery after partial removal is usually quicker. Return to sport is planned around the procedure.
Common questions
Do I need surgery for a meniscus tear?
No. The type and location of the tear, your age and your symptoms are considered together; many patients do well without surgery.
Repair or removal?
Repair is preferred whenever possible, because the meniscus protects the knee against arthritis in the long term.